Julius Nyerere
Founding Patron
Julius K Nyerere
    

Beyond Inequalities 2008: Women in Southern Africa provides an analysis on the status of women and the various challenges, limitations and opportunities encountered in accelerating the pace to achieve gender equality in SADC, through identifying the roles of men and women and their relationship to economic, political and social resources to achieve the highest level of human development.

The analysis of the status of women in SADC is located within the frameworks of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BDPFA), resulting from the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing, China; the 1997 SADC Declaration on Gender and Development, and its 1998 Addendum on the Prevention and Eradication of Violence Against Women and Children; and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).


FOREWORD
Foreword

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgements

INTRODUCTION
Introduction

WOMEN, POVERTY AND THE ECONOMY
Introduction
Policy framework
Poverty
Access to resources
Gender-responsive budgeting
Women and trade
Conclusion
References

WOMEN, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY
Introduction
Policy Framework
Food security situation in SADC
Major factors contributing to food insecurity
Nutritional status
Impact of HIV and AIDS on food security
Access to and control of means of production
Visibility of women in agricultural development
Way forward
References

WOMEN, EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Policy framework
Levels of literacy
Primary school enrolments
Access to secondary school education
Access to tertiary and university education
Non-formal adult education
Education and disability
Community radios for education
Information Communication
Challenges to education provision for women and girls
Policies and programmes on women and girls' education
Way forward
Conclusion
References

WOMEN AND HEALTH
Introduction
Policy framework
Access to health care services
Access to medicines
Improving access to reproductive health services
Maternal Mortality
Women and HIV and AIDS
Women as caregivers
Nutrition
Conclusion
References

WOMEN, GOVERNANCE AND DECISION-MAKING
Introduction
Constraints to women's political participation
Policy framework
Women in power and decisionmaking: what BDPFA proposes
Status of women in politics in SADC
Representation of women in political parties
Role of political parties in promoting women's democratic rights
Electoral systems, quotas and affirmative action
Challenges
Women in the corporate sector
Conclusion
References

WOMEN, LAW AND LEGAL RIGHTS
Introduction
Policy framework
A comparative analysis of constitutions in SADC
Gender machineries in SADC
Access to justice
Women and the administration of justice delivery systems
Rights within marriage and changes in marriage laws
Maintenance
Education
Right to physical integrity
Health
Citizenship
Electoral reforms
Conclusion
References

WOMEN AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
Introduction
Policy Framework
A historical perspective on gender violence
Forms of gender violence
Status update
Policy and legislation
Domestic violence
Culture, tradition and domestic violence
Sexual violence
Gender-based violence related to economic rights
Conclusion
References

THE GIRL CHILD
Introduction
Policy framework
Reproductive health and HIV and AIDS
Sexual abuse of children
The disabled girl child
Child labour
Commercial sexual exploitation of children
Regional campaign against child trafficking
Reducing child labour in southern Africa
Education
Conclusion
References

GENDER AND MEDIA
Introduction
Policy Framework
ortrayal and representation of women in the media
Gender equality in the media and editorial content
Barriers to women’s access to the media and information
Gender policies in the media
Media Regulation
Training
Women as sources in political and electoral coverage
Legislative provisions for information technology
Conclusion
References

WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
Poverty and the environment
Water and sanitation
Energy sources and hazardous emissions
Access to land and technology
Access to and control over wetland resources
Environmental policies and programmes
Recommendations
Conclusion
References

WAY FORWARD AND STRATEGIES FOR THE FUTURE
Way Forward And Strategies For The Future
Strengthening institutional mechanisms
Gender mainstreaming
Women’s human rights including constitutional and legal reform
Education, including ending violence in educational institutions
Violence against women and children
Sexual, reproductive health and rights
Gender, HIV and AIDS
Economic empowerment
Media and information
Women in politics and decision-making
Communication and information sharing
Conclusion
Table 11.1

ACRONYMS
Acronyms

LIST OF BOXES
List of Boxes

LIST OF TABLES
List of Tables

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